Not many visitors to China realize that it is made up of much more than just the ethnic Han Chinese. Almost 10% of China's population is composed of non-Han peoples. 10% of course does not seem like a huge number until one remembers that China's population is estimated at near 1.4 billion people. Tibetans and Mongolians are two more notable examples of minority populations in China, but the Chinese government actually recognizes 56 minority groups within its borders.

Chinese minorities are determined by a number of factors including religion, history, culture, and ethnicity. No single factor solely determines the discerning of a minority. In many parts of Yunnan and Sichuan, local ethnic groups make up the majority of many villages, towns, and even some small cities in Yunnan. Some areas of Sichuan and Yunnan are so heavily populated by local minorities, such as the Yi in southern Sichuan or the Dai in Xishuangbanna, that entire districts and counties are designated as autonomous regions. Conversely, in many border areas, one can find a multitude of cultures living side by side. In the mountains of southern Yunnan, one can hike to Bulang, Aini, and other minority villages around each mountain pass. The Hui, or Chinese Muslims, are scattered throughout Yunnan and Sichuan.  In northwest Yunnan we'll have the chance to take a closer look at the Bai, Naxi, and Mosuo peoples. Those bold enough to make the trip to Yuanyang will witness the breathtaking rice terraces of the Hani people.